Tutorial: Maximize Brightness and 对比 in Apple 最后 Cut Pro X
The histogram and the waveform in Apple 最后 Cut Pro X are effective, easy-to-master tools that provide the clear input you need to diagnose and fix the contrast issues in your video simply and intelligently. In this video tutorial, video editing and encoding expert 1月时 explains how they work.
在本教程中 you'll learn how to maximize the brightness and contrast of your video in Apple 最后 Cut Pro X. I'm working with video I shot recently of local congressional candidate 安东尼Flaccavento. 我在室内的荧光灯下拍摄了演讲. 虽然色彩平衡很好, 它缺乏对比度，而且很吵, 正如你在上面的视频中看到的那样. 我们将在后面的教程中处理噪声问题.
使用亮度直方图的亮度
One definition of contrast is the differential between the brightest and darkest pixels in the image. 你可以在直方图范围中清楚地看到. 我们先打开它. To do so in FCP X, choose Window > Show Video Scopes (下面的图1).
图2(下面) shows that we've set the histogram to present the Luma channel, which is the measure of brightness.
具体地说, the histogram shows the distribution of pixels according to brightness, 从-25到+125, 0是纯黑色, 100是纯白的. The clumps you see in Figure 2 (above) show the groups of pixels at those brightness values.
在光线充足的, 纯白色和纯黑色区域对比良好的视频, 比如这个, 您希望看到从0到100的所有亮度值的像素. In this video, we know we have issues because there's plenty of black in the frame (下面的图3), 但是直方图显示在0 IRE级别没有像素(图3), 下图), 黑色像素应该放在哪里. 因此，这告诉我们图像缺乏对比度.
图3(上面)显示了灰色部分, 黑人, 图像中的白色, 以及它们在直方图中的位置. Under optimal lighting, whites should be around 100 IRE; but most are clustered in the 80s. So, we see we have a problem with the brightness of the white pixels, as well as the 黑人.
调整对比度时要考虑的第三个区域是脸部, 但是直方图并不能帮助我们. 调节面部亮度时, it's best to work in the waveform monitor (Settings > Display > Waveform, 如图所示 下面的图4).
使用波形
The waveform shows you the same basic brightness information as the histogram, 但是在帧中各自的位置显示像素. 如果你看一下左边圈起来的像素 图5(下面) 你知道它们对应于图像中的白板. The pixels just to the right of them in the waveform correlate to the black line at the right edge of the whiteboard in the image. And the brownish pixels in the middle of the waveform are the candidate's face.
现在, 尤其是当你用斑马条纹拍摄的时候, you want facial exposure at around 70-75 IRE at the brightest regions. In Figure 5 (above) you can see we're probably at around 60 IRE, so I want to boost that. 整体, 调整视频时, I want these whites on the left (corresponding to the whiteboard) at 100, 0处的黑色, 面部区域在70-75之间.
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